Histerectomía total vía abdominal: revisión de la literatura / Total abdominal hysterectomy: a literature review

Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery in non-pregnant women. There are different surgical approaches for total hysterectomy, abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The choice is determined by different factors such as uterine size, malformations, surgical risks, skill of the surgeon, expected postoperative quality of life, and monetary costs. The surgical technique is well described in the literature, however, there are certain anatomical and functional considerations that must be known before performing the hysterectomy to avoid complications. The most frequent complications are hemorrhage, infections, thromboembolism, urinary and gastrointestinal tract injuries. Majority can be avoided with an adequate procedure and management of pre-existing comorbidities. (AU)

Efectos sobre la función renal fetal y neonatal del tratamiento con antagonista del receptor de angiotensina II en el embarazo: Caso clínico / Transient renal failure in a newborn due angiotensin receptor II antagonist use during pregnancy: Report of one case

Fetal renal structure and function can be altered by medications prescribed to pregnant women. We report a chronic hypertensive pregnant woman treated with ¡osarían before and throughout pregnancy. At 30 weeks the patient was referred to our Fetal Medicine Unit due to absent amniotic fluid with normal uterine artery Doppler and fetal growth. During her hospitalization a new scan was performed showing that both fetal kidneys were enlarged and slightly hyperechogenic and placental and fetal artery Doppler showed signs of hypovolemia or increased resistance to feto-placental blood flow. Ductus venosous was normal. The fetus was delivered after three days by caesarean section at 30+4 weeks of gestation due to abnormal fetal heart rate tracing. Following delivery, the preterm newborn was treated for a transient renal failure characterized by anuria-oliguria and high plasma creatinine levels (from 3.8 mg/dL at day 5 to 0.8 mg/dL at 16 days). At 30 days of age, ultrasound showed kidneys of normal form and size. The adverse effects of Angiotensin II receptor antagonists in fetal nephrogenesis and function are discussed

Incisiones transversas en oncología ginecológica / Transverse incisions in gynecologic oncology

OBJETIVO: Determinar si el tipo de laparotomía influye en la etapificación de pacientes con cáncer de cuerpo y cuello uterino. MÉTODO: Se revisaron todas las fichas clínicas de pacientes con cáncer de cuerpo y cuello uterino que fueron operadas en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile y el Hospital Clínico de la Fuerza Aérea Chilena, entre enero de 1999 y mayo de 2005. Se recopiló la siguiente información: tipo de laparotomía, índice de masa corporal (IMC), comorbilidades médicas, tiempo operatorio, histología, número total y distribución de linfonodos, pérdida sanguínea, complicaciones, duración de la cirugía y hospitalización. Se aplicaron análisis estadísticos con t student y c². RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 51 pacientes. Se usó laparotomía media (LM) y transversa (LT) en 16 (31%) y 35 (69%) de las pacientes, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas en índice de masa corporal, estadio FIGO, histología, comorbilidades, estimación de pérdida sanguínea ni complicaciones intra o post operatorias entre el grupo de LM y LT. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en pacientes con IMC 25 sometidas a laparotomías verticales comparadas con las transversas, donde ocurrió mayor sangrado intraoperatorio, se recolectó mayor número de ganglios para-aórticos y tuvieron hospitalizaciones más prolongadas. CONCLUSIONES: La etapificación quirúrgica de pacientes con cáncer de cérvix o cuerpo uterino se puede realizar adecuadamente a través de incisiones transversas, sin mayor morbilidad. Previa adecuada selección, pacientes con cánceres cervical y uterino pueden beneficiarse de las ventajas ya descritas para las laparotomías transversas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the type of abdominal incision influences the adequacy of surgical staging in patients with uterine and cervical cancer. METHODS: A retrospective review of all uterine and cervical cancer patients operated on by the same surgeon at the Universidad de Chile Clinical Hospital and the Chilean Air Force Clinical Hospital between January 1, 1999, and May 1, 2005, is presented. Data on type of incision, body mass index (BMI), medical comorbilities, histology, total number and distribution of lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, complications, length of surgery and hospital stay were abstracted. Statistical analysis with two-tailed Student t test and c² were performed. RESULTS: 51 patients were identified. A vertical incision (VI) was used in 16 (31%) while 35 (69%) received a transverse incision (TI). There were no statistically significant differences in BMI, FIGO stage, histology, comorbilities, estimated blood loss or intraoperative and postoperative complications between the VI and TI groups. Compared patients with BMI 25, VI was associated with significantly more intraoperative blood loss, number of para-aortic lymph nodes harvested and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive surgical staging for uterine and cervical cancer can be adequately performed through a TI without greater morbidity. After appropriate selection, patients with uterine and cervical cancer can benefit from the inherent benefits previously described for TI.